Caps for Increased Stability

New cap structures allow for the preparation of hybridization probes with increased affinity for complementary sequences.  The  monomers used to prepare capped oligonucleotides are phosphoramidites that can be readily introduced via automated DNA synthesis at the end of solid phase syntheses.  The caps favor the formation of stable Watson-Crick duplexes by stacking on the terminal base pair (Figures 1 and 2).  

FIGURE 1: STACKING OF CAP ON 5’ TERMINAL BASE PAIR
FIGURE 2: STACKING OF Uaq CAP ON 3’ TERMINAL BASE PAIR
FIGURE 1: STACKING OF CAP ON 5’ TERMINAL BASE PAIR
FIGURE 2: STACKING OF Uaq CAP ON 3’ TERMINAL BASE PAIR

Melting point increases of over 10 °C per modification can be realized for short duplexes.1,2 The caps fit canonical Watson-Crick base pairs and do not stack well on mismatched base pairs.  This leads to increased base pairing selectivity at the terminal and the penultimate position of oligonucleotides featuring the caps.  Base pairing fidelity is usually low at the termini, where fraying occurs frequently in the absence of caps.  The beneficial effects of the caps are also realized when longer target strands are bound, so there is no need for blunt ends for the duplexes formed.1,2  The caps, when attached to the 5’ terminus of an oligonucleotide, also facilitate purification as their lipophilicity leads to prolonged retention on reversed phase columns or cartridges.  Finally, capping of termini may discourage the degradation of oligonucleotides by exonucleases.

3’-Uaq Cap CPG, a Uridine support modified with a 2’- anthraquinone residue, is the most effective oligonucleotide cap known to date.3,4    For short hybrid duplexes between DNA probes and RNA target strands, the increase in Tm is up to 18 °C and the modification is effective in increasing the Tm of DNA:DNA, RNA:RNA, and DNA:RNA hybrid duplexes.  3’-Uaq Cap also increases probe specificity by depressing the melting point of terminal mismatches.

References

(1) Dogan, Z.; Paulini, R.; Rojas Stütz, J. A.; Narayanan, S.; Richert, C. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 4762-4763. 

(2) Narayanan, S.; Gall, J.; Richert, C. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32, 2901-2911.

(3) A. Patra, C. Richert, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 12671-12681. 

(4) C. Ahlborn, K. Siegmund, C. Richert, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 15218-15232.

6 Product Results
 
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  • MGB Eclipse® CPG
    MGB Eclipse® CPG (20-5927)
    Catalog #: 20-5927
    Formal Name: 5-(6-(6-(6-(4-N-(3-Dimethoxytrityloxypropyl)-N-(4'-nitro-2'-chloroazobenzen-4-yl)-aminobutanoyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carbonyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carbonyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carboxamido)pentyl-1-O-diglycoloyl long chain alkylamino CPG
  • CDPI3 MGBâ„¢ CPG
    CDPI3 MGBâ„¢ CPG (20-5924)
    Catalog #: 20-5924
    Formal Name:

    5-(6-(6-(6-(6-Dimethoxytrityloxyhexanoyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carbonyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carbonyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-2-carboxamido)pentyl-1-O-diglycoloyl long chain alkylamino CPG

  • 3'-Uaq Cap CPG
    3'-Uaq Cap CPG (20-2980)
    Catalog #: 20-2980
    Formal Name: 5'-Dimethoxytrityl-Uridine, 2'-(anthraquinone-2-yl-carboxamido)-3'-succinoyl-long chain alkylamino-CPG
  • 5'-CDPI3 MGBâ„¢  Phosphoramidite
    5'-CDPI3 MGBâ„¢ Phosphoramidite (10-5924)
    Catalog #: 10-5924  |  CAS #: 1419845-08-1
    Formal Name:

    6-(6-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-7-(6-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7-(6-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7-(methyl(6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methylacetamido)hexyl)carbamoyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indol-3(6H)-yl)-6-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]-phosphoramidite

  • 5'-Pyrene Cap Phosphoramidite
    5'-Pyrene Cap Phosphoramidite (10-1987)
    Catalog #: 10-1987  |  CAS #: 1131589-25-7
    Formal Name:

    (N-(1-pyrenylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-3-oxy)-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite

  • 5'-Trimethoxystilbene Cap Phosphoramidite
    5'-Trimethoxystilbene Cap Phosphoramidite (10-1986)
    Catalog #: 10-1986  |  CAS #: 1000852-27-6
    Formal Name:

    (3,4,5-trimethoxystilbene-4'-yl)-(3-carboxamidopropyl)-1-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite

 
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