Glen Report 7.16: New Modification Reagents and Supports

Figur 1

Spacer 18

Spacer molecules have been used to introduce non-nucleotide segments into oligonucleotides. These have been used to form folds and hairpins1,2 to bridge sections of oligonucleotides where no appropriate binding is possible, as well as simply to space tags further away from the oligonucleotide. We are pleased to add Spacer 18 to our existing line of spacer phosphoramidites.

Product Information

Spacer Phosphoramidite 18 (10-1918)

dSpacer

Abasic sites in DNA are generated chemically or enzymatically by selective hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage. The resulting apurinic/apyrimidinic sites lack coding information and lead to mis-incorporation of bases by polymerases and may play an important role in mutagenesis. Abasic sites are rather unstable and are susceptible to §-elimination causing chain scission. The instability of the natural abasic site can be eliminated by the substitution of a tetrahydrofuran derivative3,4 with a methylene group modifying the 1 position of 2'-deoxyribose. The CE phosphor-amidite of the tetrahydrofuran derivative is offered as a new spacer phosphoramidite which we have named dSpacer .

Product Information

dSpacer CE Phosphoramidite (10-1914)

Glyceryl CPG

A support has been described5 for the preparation of oligonucleotides with a 3'-phosphoglyceryl terminus. The terminus is readily oxidized by sodium periodate to form a 3'-phospho-glycaldehyde. The aldehyde may be further oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Either the aldehyde or the carboxylate may be used for subsequent conjugation to amine- containing products. The authors were specifically interested in the products from the radical cleavage of oligonucleotides by DNA targeting molecules like bleomycin, enediyne antibiotics and transition metal complexes.

Product Information

3'-Glyceryl CPG (20-2902)

Cholesteryl CPG

Cholesteryl conjugated oligo-nucleotides have been the subject of substantial interest in antisense and other studies due to the lipophilicity and ready availability of cholesterol. Cholesteryl CE phosphoramidites tend to be rather insoluble in acetonitrile, making them inconvenient to use in automated synthesis. Even our cholesteryl-TEG phosphoramidite has to be dissolved in 5% THF in acetonitrile. A simple solution is to use a support with cholesterol attached as was described recently.6 The authors started with our 3'-amino-modifier C7-CPG, removed the Fmoc protecting group with DBU in acetonitrile, and conjugated the resulting amine with cholesteryl chloroformate. We offer cholesteryl-TEG CPG as a more direct solution

Note: Supplementary information is available on these items on request.

Product Information

3'-Cholesteryl-TEG CPG (20-2975)

References:

(1) M. Salunkhe, T.F. Wu, and R.L. Letsinger, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 8768-8772.
(2) N.G. Dolinnaya, M. Blumenfeld, I.N. Merenkova, T.S. Oretskaya, N.F. Krynetskaya, M.G. Ivanovskaya, M. Vasseur, and Z.A. Shabarova, Nucleic Acids Res., 1993, 21, 5403-5407.
(3) M. Takeshita, C.N. Chang, F. Johnson, S. Will, and A.P. Grollman, J. Biol. Chem., 1987, 262, 10171-10179.
(4) M.W. Kalnik, C.N. Chang, A.P. Grollman, and D.J. Patel, Biochemistry, 1988, 27, 924-931.
(5) H. Urata and M. Akagi, Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 34, 4015-4018.
(6) C.J. Marasco, N.J. Angelino, B. Paul, and B.J. Dolnick, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3029-3032.